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面试题 55 - I. 二叉树的深度

题目描述

输入一棵二叉树的根节点,求该树的深度。从根节点到叶节点依次经过的节点(含根、叶节点)形成树的一条路径,最长路径的长度为树的深度。

例如:

给定二叉树 [3,9,20,null,null,15,7]

    3
   / \
  9  20
    /  \
   15   7

返回它的最大深度 3 。

 

提示:

  1. 节点总数 <= 10000

注意:本题与主站 104 题相同:https://leetcode.cn/problems/maximum-depth-of-binary-tree/

解法

方法一:递归

我们可以用递归的方法来解决这道题。递归的终止条件是当前节点为空,此时深度为 $0$;如果当前节点不为空,则当前的深度为其左右子树深度的最大值加 $1$,递归计算当前节点的左右子节点的深度,然后返回它们的最大值加 $1$。

时间复杂度 $O(n)$,空间复杂度 $O(n)$。其中 $n$ 是二叉树的节点数。最坏情况下,二叉树退化为链表,递归深度达到 $n$,系统使用 $O(n)$ 大小的栈空间。

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# Definition for a binary tree node.
# class TreeNode:
#     def __init__(self, x):
#         self.val = x
#         self.left = None
#         self.right = None


class Solution:
    def maxDepth(self, root: TreeNode) -> int:
        if root is None:
            return 0
        return 1 + max(self.maxDepth(root.left), self.maxDepth(root.right))
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/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * public class TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode left;
 *     TreeNode right;
 *     TreeNode(int x) { val = x; }
 * }
 */
class Solution {
    public int maxDepth(TreeNode root) {
        if (root == null) {
            return 0;
        }
        return 1 + Math.max(maxDepth(root.left), maxDepth(root.right));
    }
}
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/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * struct TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode *left;
 *     TreeNode *right;
 *     TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(NULL), right(NULL) {}
 * };
 */
class Solution {
public:
    int maxDepth(TreeNode* root) {
        if (!root) {
            return 0;
        }
        return 1 + max(maxDepth(root->left), maxDepth(root->right));
    }
};
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/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * type TreeNode struct {
 *     Val int
 *     Left *TreeNode
 *     Right *TreeNode
 * }
 */
func maxDepth(root *TreeNode) int {
    if root == nil {
        return 0
    }
    l, r := maxDepth(root.Left), maxDepth(root.Right)
    if l > r {
        return 1 + l
    }
    return 1 + r
}
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// Definition for a binary tree node.
// #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
// pub struct TreeNode {
//   pub val: i32,
//   pub left: Option<Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>>,
//   pub right: Option<Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>>,
// }
//
// impl TreeNode {
//   #[inline]
//   pub fn new(val: i32) -> Self {
//     TreeNode {
//       val,
//       left: None,
//       right: None
//     }
//   }
// }
use std::rc::Rc;
use std::cell::RefCell;
impl Solution {
    pub fn max_depth(root: Option<Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>>) -> i32 {
        match root {
            None => 0,
            Some(node) => {
                let mut node = node.borrow_mut();
                let left = node.left.take();
                let right = node.right.take();
                1 + Self::max_depth(left).max(Self::max_depth(right))
            }
        }
    }
}
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/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * function TreeNode(val) {
 *     this.val = val;
 *     this.left = this.right = null;
 * }
 */
/**
 * @param {TreeNode} root
 * @return {number}
 */
var maxDepth = function (root) {
    if (!root) {
        return 0;
    }
    return 1 + Math.max(maxDepth(root.left), maxDepth(root.right));
};
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/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * public class TreeNode {
 *     public int val;
 *     public TreeNode left;
 *     public TreeNode right;
 *     public TreeNode(int x) { val = x; }
 * }
 */
public class Solution {
    public int MaxDepth(TreeNode root) {
        if (root == null) {
            return 0;
        }
        return 1 + Math.Max(MaxDepth(root.left), MaxDepth(root.right));
    }
}

方法二

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# Definition for a binary tree node.
# class TreeNode:
#     def __init__(self, x):
#         self.val = x
#         self.left = None
#         self.right = None


class Solution:
    def maxDepth(self, root: TreeNode) -> int:
        def dfs(root):
            if root is None:
                return 0
            l, r = dfs(root.left), dfs(root.right)
            return 1 + max(l, r)

        return dfs(root)

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