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374. 猜数字大小

题目描述

猜数字游戏的规则如下：

  • 每轮游戏，我都会从 1 到 n 随机选择一个数字。 请你猜选出的是哪个数字。
  • 如果你猜错了，我会告诉你，你猜测的数字比我选出的数字是大了还是小了。

你可以通过调用一个预先定义好的接口 int guess(int num) 来获取猜测结果，返回值一共有 3 种可能的情况（-1，1 或 0）：

  • -1：我选出的数字比你猜的数字小 pick < num
  • 1：我选出的数字比你猜的数字大 pick > num
  • 0：我选出的数字和你猜的数字一样。恭喜！你猜对了！pick == num

返回我选出的数字。

 

示例 1：

输入：n = 10, pick = 6
输出：6

示例 2：

输入：n = 1, pick = 1
输出：1

示例 3：

输入：n = 2, pick = 1
输出：1

示例 4：

输入：n = 2, pick = 2
输出：2

 

提示：

  • 1 <= n <= 231 - 1
  • 1 <= pick <= n

解法

方法一：二分查找

我们在区间 $[1,..n]$ 进行二分查找，找到第一个满足 guess(x) <= 0 的数，即为答案。

时间复杂度 $O(\log n)$。其中 $n$ 为题目给定的上限。

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# The guess API is already defined for you.
# @param num, your guess
# @return -1 if my number is lower, 1 if my number is higher, otherwise return 0
# def guess(num: int) -> int:


class Solution:
    def guessNumber(self, n: int) -> int:
        left, right = 1, n
        while left < right:
            mid = (left + right) >> 1
            if guess(mid) <= 0:
                right = mid
            else:
                left = mid + 1
        return left

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/**
 * Forward declaration of guess API.
 * @param  num   your guess
 * @return       -1 if num is lower than the guess number
 *                1 if num is higher than the guess number
 *               otherwise return 0
 * int guess(int num);
 */

public class Solution extends GuessGame {
    public int guessNumber(int n) {
        int left = 1, right = n;
        while (left < right) {
            int mid = (left + right) >>> 1;
            if (guess(mid) <= 0) {
                right = mid;
            } else {
                left = mid + 1;
            }
        }
        return left;
    }
}

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/**
 * Forward declaration of guess API.
 * @param  num   your guess
 * @return       -1 if num is lower than the guess number
 *                1 if num is higher than the guess number
 *               otherwise return 0
 * int guess(int num);
 */

class Solution {
public:
    int guessNumber(int n) {
        int left = 1, right = n;
        while (left < right) {
            int mid = left + ((right - left) >> 1);
            if (guess(mid) <= 0) {
                right = mid;
            } else {
                left = mid + 1;
            }
        }
        return left;
    }
};

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/**
 * Forward declaration of guess API.
 * @param  num   your guess
 * @return       -1 if num is lower than the guess number
 *                1 if num is higher than the guess number
 *               otherwise return 0
 * func guess(num int) int;
 */

func guessNumber(n int) int {
    left, right := 1, n
    for left < right {
        mid := (left + right) >> 1
        if guess(mid) <= 0 {
            right = mid
        } else {
            left = mid + 1
        }
    }
    return left
}

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/**
 * Forward declaration of guess API.
 * @param {number} num   your guess
 * @return              -1 if num is lower than the guess number
 *                       1 if num is higher than the guess number
 *                       otherwise return 0
 * var guess = function(num) {}
 */

function guessNumber(n: number): number {
    let l = 1;
    let r = n;
    while (l < r) {
        const mid = (l + r) >>> 1;
        if (guess(mid) <= 0) {
            r = mid;
        } else {
            l = mid + 1;
        }
    }
    return l;
}

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/**
 * Forward declaration of guess API.
 * @param  num   your guess
 * @return       -1 if num is lower than the guess number
 *                1 if num is higher than the guess number
 *               otherwise return 0
 * unsafe fn guess(num: i32) -> i32 {}
 */

impl Solution {
    unsafe fn guessNumber(n: i32) -> i32 {
        let mut l = 1;
        let mut r = n;
        loop {
            let mid = l + (r - l) / 2;
            match guess(mid) {
                -1 => {
                    r = mid - 1;
                }
                1 => {
                    l = mid + 1;
                }
                _ => {
                    break mid;
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

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/**
 * Forward declaration of guess API.
 * @param  num   your guess
 * @return       -1 if num is higher than the picked number
 *                1 if num is lower than the picked number
 *               otherwise return 0
 * int guess(int num);
 */

public class Solution : GuessGame {
    public int GuessNumber(int n) {
        int left = 1, right = n;
        while (left < right) {
            int mid = left + ((right - left) >> 1);
            if (guess(mid) <= 0) {
                right = mid;
            } else {
                left = mid + 1;
            }
        }
        return left;
    }
}

方法二

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# The guess API is already defined for you.
# @param num, your guess
# @return -1 if num is higher than the picked number
#          1 if num is lower than the picked number
#          otherwise return 0
# def guess(num: int) -> int:


class Solution:
    def guessNumber(self, n: int) -> int:
        return bisect.bisect(range(1, n + 1), 0, key=lambda x: -guess(x))

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/**
 * Forward declaration of guess API.
 * @param  num   your guess
 * @return       -1 if num is higher than the picked number
 *                1 if num is lower than the picked number
 *               otherwise return 0
 * func guess(num int) int;
 */

func guessNumber(n int) int {
    return sort.Search(n, func(i int) bool {
        i++
        return guess(i) <= 0
    }) + 1
}

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