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2241. 设计一个 ATM 机器

题目描述

一个 ATM 机器,存有 5 种面值的钞票:20 ,50 ,100 ,200 和 500 美元。初始时,ATM 机是空的。用户可以用它存或者取任意数目的钱。

取款时,机器会优先取 较大 数额的钱。

  • 比方说,你想取 $300 ,并且机器里有 2 张 $50 的钞票,1 张 $100 的钞票和1 张 $200 的钞票,那么机器会取出 $100 和 $200 的钞票。
  • 但是,如果你想取 $600 ,机器里有 3 张 $200 的钞票和1 张 $500 的钞票,那么取款请求会被拒绝,因为机器会先取出 $500 的钞票,然后无法取出剩余的 $100 。注意,因为有 $500 钞票的存在,机器 不能 取 $200 的钞票。

请你实现 ATM 类:

  • ATM() 初始化 ATM 对象。
  • void deposit(int[] banknotesCount) 分别存入 $20 ,$50$100$200 和 $500 钞票的数目。
  • int[] withdraw(int amount) 返回一个长度为 5 的数组,分别表示 $20 ,$50$100 ,$200 和 $500 钞票的数目,并且更新 ATM 机里取款后钞票的剩余数量。如果无法取出指定数额的钱,请返回 [-1] (这种情况下  取出任何钞票)。

 

示例 1:

输入:
["ATM", "deposit", "withdraw", "deposit", "withdraw", "withdraw"]
[[], [[0,0,1,2,1]], [600], [[0,1,0,1,1]], [600], [550]]
输出:
[null, null, [0,0,1,0,1], null, [-1], [0,1,0,0,1]]

解释:
ATM atm = new ATM();
atm.deposit([0,0,1,2,1]); // 存入 1 张 $100 ,2 张 $200 和 1 张 $500 的钞票。
atm.withdraw(600);        // 返回 [0,0,1,0,1] 。机器返回 1 张 $100 和 1 张 $500 的钞票。机器里剩余钞票的数量为 [0,0,0,2,0] 。
atm.deposit([0,1,0,1,1]); // 存入 1 张 $50 ,1 张 $200 和 1 张 $500 的钞票。
                          // 机器中剩余钞票数量为 [0,1,0,3,1] 。
atm.withdraw(600);        // 返回 [-1] 。机器会尝试取出 $500 的钞票,然后无法得到剩余的 $100 ,所以取款请求会被拒绝。
                          // 由于请求被拒绝,机器中钞票的数量不会发生改变。
atm.withdraw(550);        // 返回 [0,1,0,0,1] ,机器会返回 1 张 $50 的钞票和 1 张 $500 的钞票。

 

提示:

  • banknotesCount.length == 5
  • 0 <= banknotesCount[i] <= 109
  • 1 <= amount <= 109
  • 总共 最多有 5000 次 withdraw 和 deposit 的调用。
  • 函数 withdraw 和 deposit 至少各有 一次 调用。

解法

方法一:模拟

我们用一个数组 $d$ 记录钞票面额,用一个数组 $cnt$ 记录每种面额的钞票数量。

对于 deposit 操作,我们只需要将对应面额的钞票数量加上即可。时间复杂度 $O(1)$。

对于 withdraw 操作,我们从大到小枚举每种面额的钞票,取出尽可能多且不超过 $amount$ 的钞票,然后将 $amount$ 减去取出的钞票面额之和,如果最后 $amount$ 仍大于 $0$,说明无法取出 $amount$ 的钞票,返回 $-1$ 即可。否则,返回取出的钞票数量即可。时间复杂度 $O(1)$。

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class ATM:
    def __init__(self):
        self.cnt = [0] * 5
        self.d = [20, 50, 100, 200, 500]

    def deposit(self, banknotesCount: List[int]) -> None:
        for i, v in enumerate(banknotesCount):
            self.cnt[i] += v

    def withdraw(self, amount: int) -> List[int]:
        ans = [0] * 5
        for i in range(4, -1, -1):
            ans[i] = min(amount // self.d[i], self.cnt[i])
            amount -= ans[i] * self.d[i]
        if amount > 0:
            return [-1]
        for i, v in enumerate(ans):
            self.cnt[i] -= v
        return ans


# Your ATM object will be instantiated and called as such:
# obj = ATM()
# obj.deposit(banknotesCount)
# param_2 = obj.withdraw(amount)
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class ATM {
    private long[] cnt = new long[5];
    private int[] d = {20, 50, 100, 200, 500};

    public ATM() {
    }

    public void deposit(int[] banknotesCount) {
        for (int i = 0; i < banknotesCount.length; ++i) {
            cnt[i] += banknotesCount[i];
        }
    }

    public int[] withdraw(int amount) {
        int[] ans = new int[5];
        for (int i = 4; i >= 0; --i) {
            ans[i] = (int) Math.min(amount / d[i], cnt[i]);
            amount -= ans[i] * d[i];
        }
        if (amount > 0) {
            return new int[] {-1};
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i) {
            cnt[i] -= ans[i];
        }
        return ans;
    }
}

/**
 * Your ATM object will be instantiated and called as such:
 * ATM obj = new ATM();
 * obj.deposit(banknotesCount);
 * int[] param_2 = obj.withdraw(amount);
 */
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class ATM {
public:
    ATM() {
    }

    void deposit(vector<int> banknotesCount) {
        for (int i = 0; i < banknotesCount.size(); ++i) {
            cnt[i] += banknotesCount[i];
        }
    }

    vector<int> withdraw(int amount) {
        vector<int> ans(5);
        for (int i = 4; ~i; --i) {
            ans[i] = min(1ll * amount / d[i], cnt[i]);
            amount -= ans[i] * d[i];
        }
        if (amount > 0) {
            return {-1};
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i) {
            cnt[i] -= ans[i];
        }
        return ans;
    }

private:
    long long cnt[5] = {0};
    int d[5] = {20, 50, 100, 200, 500};
};

/**
 * Your ATM object will be instantiated and called as such:
 * ATM* obj = new ATM();
 * obj->deposit(banknotesCount);
 * vector<int> param_2 = obj->withdraw(amount);
 */
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type ATM struct {
    d   [5]int
    cnt [5]int
}

func Constructor() ATM {
    return ATM{[5]int{20, 50, 100, 200, 500}, [5]int{}}
}

func (this *ATM) Deposit(banknotesCount []int) {
    for i, v := range banknotesCount {
        this.cnt[i] += v
    }
}

func (this *ATM) Withdraw(amount int) []int {
    ans := make([]int, 5)
    for i := 4; i >= 0; i-- {
        ans[i] = min(amount/this.d[i], this.cnt[i])
        amount -= ans[i] * this.d[i]
    }
    if amount > 0 {
        return []int{-1}
    }
    for i, v := range ans {
        this.cnt[i] -= v
    }
    return ans
}

/**
 * Your ATM object will be instantiated and called as such:
 * obj := Constructor();
 * obj.Deposit(banknotesCount);
 * param_2 := obj.Withdraw(amount);
 */

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