999. 可以被一步捕获的棋子数

题目描述

在一个 8 x 8 的棋盘上，有一个白色的车（Rook），用字符 'R' 表示。棋盘上还可能存在空方块，白色的象（Bishop）以及黑色的卒（pawn），分别用字符 '.'，'B' 和 'p' 表示。不难看出，大写字符表示的是白棋，小写字符表示的是黑棋。

车按国际象棋中的规则移动。东，西，南，北四个基本方向任选其一，然后一直向选定的方向移动，直到满足下列四个条件之一：

棋手选择主动停下来。
棋子因到达棋盘的边缘而停下。
棋子移动到某一方格来捕获位于该方格上敌方（黑色）的卒，停在该方格内。
车不能进入/越过已经放有其他友方棋子（白色的象）的方格，停在友方棋子前。

你现在可以控制车移动一次，请你统计有多少敌方的卒处于你的捕获范围内（即，可以被一步捕获的棋子数）。

示例 1：

输入：[[".",".",".",".",".",".",".","."],[".",".",".","p",".",".",".","."],[".",".",".","R",".",".",".","p"],[".",".",".",".",".",".",".","."],[".",".",".",".",".",".",".","."],[".",".",".","p",".",".",".","."],[".",".",".",".",".",".",".","."],[".",".",".",".",".",".",".","."]]
输出：3
解释：
在本例中，车能够捕获所有的卒。

示例 2：

输入：[[".",".",".",".",".",".",".","."],[".","p","p","p","p","p",".","."],[".","p","p","B","p","p",".","."],[".","p","B","R","B","p",".","."],[".","p","p","B","p","p",".","."],[".","p","p","p","p","p",".","."],[".",".",".",".",".",".",".","."],[".",".",".",".",".",".",".","."]]
输出：0
解释：
象阻止了车捕获任何卒。

示例 3：

输入：[[".",".",".",".",".",".",".","."],[".",".",".","p",".",".",".","."],[".",".",".","p",".",".",".","."],["p","p",".","R",".","p","B","."],[".",".",".",".",".",".",".","."],[".",".",".","B",".",".",".","."],[".",".",".","p",".",".",".","."],[".",".",".",".",".",".",".","."]]
输出：3
解释： 
车可以捕获位置 b5，d6 和 f5 的卒。

提示：

board.length == board[i].length == 8
board[i][j] 可以是 'R'，'.'，'B' 或 'p'
只有一个格子上存在 board[i][j] == 'R'

解法

方法一：模拟

我们先遍历棋盘，找到车的位置 $(x, y)$，然后从 $(x, y)$ 出发，向上下左右四个方向遍历：

如果遇到象或者边界，那么该方向停止遍历；
如果遇到卒，那么答案加一，然后该方向停止遍历；
否则，继续遍历。

遍历完四个方向后，即可得到答案。

时间复杂度 $O(m \times n)$，其中 $m$ 和 $n$ 分别是棋盘的行数和列数，本题中 $m = n = 8$。空间复杂度 $O(1)$。

Python3JavaC++Go

class Solution:
    def numRookCaptures(self, board: List[List[str]]) -> int:
        ans = 0
        dirs = (-1, 0, 1, 0, -1)
        for i in range(8):
            for j in range(8):
                if board[i][j] == "R":
                    for a, b in pairwise(dirs):
                        x, y = i, j
                        while 0 <= x + a < 8 and 0 <= y + b < 8:
                            x, y = x + a, y + b
                            if board[x][y] == "p":
                                ans += 1
                                break
                            if board[x][y] == "B":
                                break
        return ans

class Solution {
    public int numRookCaptures(char[][] board) {
        int ans = 0;
        int[] dirs = {-1, 0, 1, 0, -1};
        for (int i = 0; i < 8; ++i) {
            for (int j = 0; j < 8; ++j) {
                if (board[i][j] == 'R') {
                    for (int k = 0; k < 4; ++k) {
                        int x = i, y = j;
                        int a = dirs[k], b = dirs[k + 1];
                        while (x + a >= 0 && x + a < 8 && y + b >= 0 && y + b < 8
                            && board[x + a][y + b] != 'B') {
                            x += a;
                            y += b;
                            if (board[x][y] == 'p') {
                                ++ans;
                                break;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        return ans;
    }
}

class Solution {
public:
    int numRookCaptures(vector<vector<char>>& board) {
        int ans = 0;
        int dirs[5] = {-1, 0, 1, 0, -1};
        for (int i = 0; i < 8; ++i) {
            for (int j = 0; j < 8; ++j) {
                if (board[i][j] == 'R') {
                    for (int k = 0; k < 4; ++k) {
                        int x = i, y = j;
                        int a = dirs[k], b = dirs[k + 1];
                        while (x + a >= 0 && x + a < 8 && y + b >= 0 && y + b < 8 && board[x + a][y + b] != 'B') {
                            x += a;
                            y += b;
                            if (board[x][y] == 'p') {
                                ++ans;
                                break;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        return ans;
    }
};

func numRookCaptures(board [][]byte) (ans int) {
    dirs := [5]int{-1, 0, 1, 0, -1}
    for i := 0; i < 8; i++ {
        for j := 0; j < 8; j++ {
            if board[i][j] == 'R' {
                for k := 0; k < 4; k++ {
                    x, y := i, j
                    a, b := dirs[k], dirs[k+1]
                    for x+a >= 0 && x+a < 8 && y+b >= 0 && y+b < 8 && board[x+a][y+b] != 'B' {
                        x, y = x+a, y+b
                        if board[x][y] == 'p' {
                            ans++
                            break
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    return
}

999. 可以被一步捕获的棋子数

题目描述

解法

方法一：模拟

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