49. Group Anagrams

Description

Given an array of strings strs, group the anagrams together. You can return the answer in any order.

Example 1:

Input: strs = ["eat","tea","tan","ate","nat","bat"]

Output: [["bat"],["nat","tan"],["ate","eat","tea"]]

Explanation:

There is no string in strs that can be rearranged to form "bat".
The strings "nat" and "tan" are anagrams as they can be rearranged to form each other.
The strings "ate", "eat", and "tea" are anagrams as they can be rearranged to form each other.

Example 2:

Input: strs = [""]

Output: [[""]]

Example 3:

Input: strs = ["a"]

Output: [["a"]]

Constraints:

1 <= strs.length <= 10⁴
0 <= strs[i].length <= 100
strs[i] consists of lowercase English letters.

Solutions

Solution 1: Hash Table

Traverse the string array, sort each string in character dictionary order to get a new string.
Use the new string as key and [str] as value, and store them in the hash table (HashMap<String, List<String>>).
When encountering the same key during subsequent traversal, add it to the corresponding value.

Take strs = ["eat", "tea", "tan", "ate", "nat", "bat"] as an example. At the end of the traversal, the state of the hash table is:

key	value
`"aet"`	`["eat", "tea", "ate"]`
`"ant"`	`["tan", "nat"]`
`"abt"`	`["bat"]`

Finally, return the value list of the hash table.

The time complexity is $O(n\times k\times \log k)$, where $n$ and $k$ are the lengths of the string array and the maximum length of the string, respectively.

Python3JavaC++GoTypeScriptRustC#

class Solution:
    def groupAnagrams(self, strs: List[str]) -> List[List[str]]:
        d = defaultdict(list)
        for s in strs:
            k = ''.join(sorted(s))
            d[k].append(s)
        return list(d.values())

class Solution {
    public List<List<String>> groupAnagrams(String[] strs) {
        Map<String, List<String>> d = new HashMap<>();
        for (String s : strs) {
            char[] t = s.toCharArray();
            Arrays.sort(t);
            String k = String.valueOf(t);
            d.computeIfAbsent(k, key -> new ArrayList<>()).add(s);
        }
        return new ArrayList<>(d.values());
    }
}

class Solution {
public:
    vector<vector<string>> groupAnagrams(vector<string>& strs) {
        unordered_map<string, vector<string>> d;
        for (auto& s : strs) {
            string k = s;
            sort(k.begin(), k.end());
            d[k].emplace_back(s);
        }
        vector<vector<string>> ans;
        for (auto& [_, v] : d) ans.emplace_back(v);
        return ans;
    }
};

func groupAnagrams(strs []string) (ans [][]string) {
    d := map[string][]string{}
    for _, s := range strs {
        t := []byte(s)
        sort.Slice(t, func(i, j int) bool { return t[i] < t[j] })
        k := string(t)
        d[k] = append(d[k], s)
    }
    for _, v := range d {
        ans = append(ans, v)
    }
    return
}

function groupAnagrams(strs: string[]): string[][] {
    const d: Map<string, string[]> = new Map();
    for (const s of strs) {
        const k = s.split('').sort().join('');
        if (!d.has(k)) {
            d.set(k, []);
        }
        d.get(k)!.push(s);
    }
    return Array.from(d.values());
}

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