2708. Maximum Strength of a Group

Description

You are given a 0-indexed integer array nums representing the score of students in an exam. The teacher would like to form one non-empty group of students with maximal strength, where the strength of a group of students of indices i₀, i₁, i₂, ... , i_k is defined as nums[i₀] * nums[i₁] * nums[i₂] * ... * nums[i_k].

Return the maximum strength of a group the teacher can create.

Example 1:

Input: nums = [3,-1,-5,2,5,-9]
Output: 1350
Explanation: One way to form a group of maximal strength is to group the students at indices [0,2,3,4,5]. Their strength is 3 * (-5) * 2 * 5 * (-9) = 1350, which we can show is optimal.

Example 2:

Input: nums = [-4,-5,-4]
Output: 20
Explanation: Group the students at indices [0, 1] . Then, we’ll have a resulting strength of 20. We cannot achieve greater strength.

Constraints:

1 <= nums.length <= 13
-9 <= nums[i] <= 9

Solutions

Solution 1: Binary Enumeration

The problem is actually to find the maximum product of all subsets. Since the length of the array does not exceed $13$, we can consider using the method of binary enumeration.

We enumerate all subsets in the range of $[1, 2^n)$, and for each subset, we calculate its product, and finally return the maximum value.

The time complexity is $O(2^n \times n)$, where $n$ is the length of the array. The space complexity is $O(1)$.

Python3JavaC++GoTypeScript

class Solution:
    def maxStrength(self, nums: List[int]) -> int:
        ans = -inf
        for i in range(1, 1 << len(nums)):
            t = 1
            for j, x in enumerate(nums):
                if i >> j & 1:
                    t *= x
            ans = max(ans, t)
        return ans

class Solution {
    public long maxStrength(int[] nums) {
        long ans = (long) -1e14;
        int n = nums.length;
        for (int i = 1; i < 1 << n; ++i) {
            long t = 1;
            for (int j = 0; j < n; ++j) {
                if ((i >> j & 1) == 1) {
                    t *= nums[j];
                }
            }
            ans = Math.max(ans, t);
        }
        return ans;
    }
}

class Solution {
public:
    long long maxStrength(vector<int>& nums) {
        long long ans = -1e14;
        int n = nums.size();
        for (int i = 1; i < 1 << n; ++i) {
            long long t = 1;
            for (int j = 0; j < n; ++j) {
                if (i >> j & 1) {
                    t *= nums[j];
                }
            }
            ans = max(ans, t);
        }
        return ans;
    }
};

func maxStrength(nums []int) int64 {
    ans := int64(-1e14)
    for i := 1; i < 1<<len(nums); i++ {
        var t int64 = 1
        for j, x := range nums {
            if i>>j&1 == 1 {
                t *= int64(x)
            }
        }
        ans = max(ans, t)
    }
    return ans
}

function maxStrength(nums: number[]): number {
    let ans = -Infinity;
    const n = nums.length;
    for (let i = 1; i < 1 << n; ++i) {
        let t = 1;
        for (let j = 0; j < n; ++j) {
            if ((i >> j) & 1) {
                t *= nums[j];
            }
        }
        ans = Math.max(ans, t);
    }
    return ans;
}

Solution 2: Sorting + Greedy

First, we can sort the array. Based on the characteristics of the array, we can draw the following conclusions:

If there is only one element in the array, then the maximum strength value is this element.
If there are two or more elements in the array, and $nums[1] = nums[n - 1] = 0$, then the maximum strength value is $0$.
Otherwise, we traverse the array from small to large. If the current element is less than $0$ and the next element is also less than $0$, then we multiply these two elements and accumulate the product into the answer. Otherwise, if the current element is less than or equal to $0$, we skip it directly. If the current element is greater than $0$, we multiply this element into the answer. Finally, we return the answer.

The time complexity is $O(n \times \log n)$, and the space complexity is $O(\log n)$. Where $n$ is the length of the array.