374. Guess Number Higher or Lower

Description

We are playing the Guess Game. The game is as follows:

I pick a number from 1 to n. You have to guess which number I picked.

Every time you guess wrong, I will tell you whether the number I picked is higher or lower than your guess.

You call a pre-defined API int guess(int num), which returns three possible results:

• -1: Your guess is higher than the number I picked (i.e. num > pick).
• 1: Your guess is lower than the number I picked (i.e. num < pick).
• 0: your guess is equal to the number I picked (i.e. num == pick).

Return the number that I picked.

 

Example 1:

Input: n = 10, pick = 6
Output: 6

Example 2:

Input: n = 1, pick = 1
Output: 1

Example 3:

Input: n = 2, pick = 1
Output: 1

 

Constraints:

• 1 <= n <= 231 - 1
• 1 <= pick <= n

Solutions

Solution 1: Binary Search

We perform a binary search in the interval $[1,..n]$, and find the first number that satisfies guess(x) <= 0, which is the answer.

The time complexity is $O(\log n)$, where $n$ is the upper limit given in the problem. The space complexity is $O(1)$.

Python3JavaC++GoTypeScriptRustC#

# The guess API is already defined for you.
# @param num, your guess
# @return -1 if num is higher than the picked number
#          1 if num is lower than the picked number
#          otherwise return 0
# def guess(num: int) -> int:


class Solution:
    def guessNumber(self, n: int) -> int:
        return bisect.bisect(range(1, n + 1), 0, key=lambda x: -guess(x))

/**
 * Forward declaration of guess API.
 * @param  num   your guess
 * @return       -1 if num is lower than the guess number
 *                1 if num is higher than the guess number
 *               otherwise return 0
 * int guess(int num);
 */

public class Solution extends GuessGame {
    public int guessNumber(int n) {
        int left = 1, right = n;
        while (left < right) {
            int mid = (left + right) >>> 1;
            if (guess(mid) <= 0) {
                right = mid;
            } else {
                left = mid + 1;
            }
        }
        return left;
    }
}

/**
 * Forward declaration of guess API.
 * @param  num   your guess
 * @return       -1 if num is lower than the guess number
 *                1 if num is higher than the guess number
 *               otherwise return 0
 * int guess(int num);
 */

class Solution {
public:
    int guessNumber(int n) {
        int left = 1, right = n;
        while (left < right) {
            int mid = left + ((right - left) >> 1);
            if (guess(mid) <= 0) {
                right = mid;
            } else {
                left = mid + 1;
            }
        }
        return left;
    }
};

/**
 * Forward declaration of guess API.
 * @param  num   your guess
 * @return       -1 if num is higher than the picked number
 *                1 if num is lower than the picked number
 *               otherwise return 0
 * func guess(num int) int;
 */

func guessNumber(n int) int {
    return sort.Search(n, func(i int) bool {
        i++
        return guess(i) <= 0
    }) + 1
}

/**
 * Forward declaration of guess API.
 * @param {number} num   your guess
 * @return              -1 if num is lower than the guess number
 *                       1 if num is higher than the guess number
 *                       otherwise return 0
 * var guess = function(num) {}
 */

function guessNumber(n: number): number {
    let l = 1;
    let r = n;
    while (l < r) {
        const mid = (l + r) >>> 1;
        if (guess(mid) <= 0) {
            r = mid;
        } else {
            l = mid + 1;
        }
    }
    return l;
}

/**
 * Forward declaration of guess API.
 * @param  num   your guess
 * @return       -1 if num is lower than the guess number
 *                1 if num is higher than the guess number
 *               otherwise return 0
 * unsafe fn guess(num: i32) -> i32 {}
 */

impl Solution {
    unsafe fn guessNumber(n: i32) -> i32 {
        let mut l = 1;
        let mut r = n;
        loop {
            let mid = l + (r - l) / 2;
            match guess(mid) {
                -1 => {
                    r = mid - 1;
                }
                1 => {
                    l = mid + 1;
                }
                _ => {
                    break mid;
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

/**
 * Forward declaration of guess API.
 * @param  num   your guess
 * @return       -1 if num is higher than the picked number
 *                1 if num is lower than the picked number
 *               otherwise return 0
 * int guess(int num);
 */

public class Solution : GuessGame {
    public int GuessNumber(int n) {
        int left = 1, right = n;
        while (left < right) {
            int mid = left + ((right - left) >> 1);
            if (guess(mid) <= 0) {
                right = mid;
            } else {
                left = mid + 1;
            }
        }
        return left;
    }
}

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