582. Kill Process 🔒

Description

You have n processes forming a rooted tree structure. You are given two integer arrays pid and ppid, where pid[i] is the ID of the ith process and ppid[i] is the ID of the ith process's parent process.

Each process has only one parent process but may have multiple children processes. Only one process has ppid[i] = 0, which means this process has no parent process (the root of the tree).

When a process is killed, all of its children processes will also be killed.

Given an integer kill representing the ID of a process you want to kill, return a list of the IDs of the processes that will be killed. You may return the answer in any order.

 

Example 1:

Input: pid = [1,3,10,5], ppid = [3,0,5,3], kill = 5
Output: [5,10]
Explanation: The processes colored in red are the processes that should be killed.

Example 2:

Input: pid = [1], ppid = [0], kill = 1
Output: [1]

 

Constraints:

• n == pid.length
• n == ppid.length
• 1 <= n <= 5 * 104
• 1 <= pid[i] <= 5 * 104
• 0 <= ppid[i] <= 5 * 104
• Only one process has no parent.
• All the values of pid are unique.
• kill is guaranteed to be in pid.

Solutions

Solution 1: DFS

We first construct a graph \(g\) based on \(pid\) and \(ppid\), where \(g[i]\) represents all child processes of process \(i\). Then, starting from the process \(kill\), we perform depth-first search to obtain all killed processes.

The time complexity is \(O(n)\), and the space complexity is \(O(n)\). Here, \(n\) is the number of processes.

Python3JavaC++GoTypeScriptRust

class Solution:
    def killProcess(self, pid: List[int], ppid: List[int], kill: int) -> List[int]:
        def dfs(i: int):
            ans.append(i)
            for j in g[i]:
                dfs(j)

        g = defaultdict(list)
        for i, p in zip(pid, ppid):
            g[p].append(i)
        ans = []
        dfs(kill)
        return ans

class Solution {
    private Map<Integer, List<Integer>> g = new HashMap<>();
    private List<Integer> ans = new ArrayList<>();

    public List<Integer> killProcess(List<Integer> pid, List<Integer> ppid, int kill) {
        int n = pid.size();
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
            g.computeIfAbsent(ppid.get(i), k -> new ArrayList<>()).add(pid.get(i));
        }
        dfs(kill);
        return ans;
    }

    private void dfs(int i) {
        ans.add(i);
        for (int j : g.getOrDefault(i, Collections.emptyList())) {
            dfs(j);
        }
    }
}

class Solution {
public:
    vector<int> killProcess(vector<int>& pid, vector<int>& ppid, int kill) {
        unordered_map<int, vector<int>> g;
        int n = pid.size();
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
            g[ppid[i]].push_back(pid[i]);
        }
        vector<int> ans;
        function<void(int)> dfs = [&](int i) {
            ans.push_back(i);
            for (int j : g[i]) {
                dfs(j);
            }
        };
        dfs(kill);
        return ans;
    }
};

func killProcess(pid []int, ppid []int, kill int) (ans []int) {
    g := map[int][]int{}
    for i, p := range ppid {
        g[p] = append(g[p], pid[i])
    }
    var dfs func(int)
    dfs = func(i int) {
        ans = append(ans, i)
        for _, j := range g[i] {
            dfs(j)
        }
    }
    dfs(kill)
    return
}

function killProcess(pid: number[], ppid: number[], kill: number): number[] {
    const g: Map<number, number[]> = new Map();
    for (let i = 0; i < pid.length; ++i) {
        if (!g.has(ppid[i])) {
            g.set(ppid[i], []);
        }
        g.get(ppid[i])?.push(pid[i]);
    }
    const ans: number[] = [];
    const dfs = (i: number) => {
        ans.push(i);
        for (const j of g.get(i) ?? []) {
            dfs(j);
        }
    };
    dfs(kill);
    return ans;
}

use std::collections::HashMap;

impl Solution {
    pub fn kill_process(pid: Vec<i32>, ppid: Vec<i32>, kill: i32) -> Vec<i32> {
        let mut g: HashMap<i32, Vec<i32>> = HashMap::new();
        let mut ans: Vec<i32> = Vec::new();

        let n = pid.len();
        for i in 0..n {
            g.entry(ppid[i]).or_insert(Vec::new()).push(pid[i]);
        }

        Self::dfs(&mut ans, &g, kill);
        ans
    }

    fn dfs(ans: &mut Vec<i32>, g: &HashMap<i32, Vec<i32>>, i: i32) {
        ans.push(i);
        if let Some(children) = g.get(&i) {
            for &j in children {
                Self::dfs(ans, g, j);
            }
        }
    }
}

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