跳转至

3109. 查找排列的下标 🔒

题目描述

给定一个长度为 n 的数组 perm,它是 [1, 2, ..., n] 的一个排列,将 [1, 2, ..., n] 所有的排列放在数组中,并以 字典序 排序,返回这个数组中 perm 的下标。

由于答案可能非常大,返回值对 109 + 7 取模

 

示例 1:

输入:perm = [1,2]

输出:0

解释:

按以下顺序只有 2 种排列:

[1,2], [2,1]

并且 [1,2] 在下标 0。

示例 2:

输入:perm = [3,1,2]

输出:4

解释:

按以下顺序只有 6 种排列:

[1,2,3], [1,3,2], [2,1,3], [2,3,1], [3,1,2], [3,2,1]

并且 [3,1,2] 在下标 4。

 

提示:

  • 1 <= n == perm.length <= 105
  • perm 是 [1, 2, ..., n] 的一个排列。

解法

方法一:树状数组

根据题目要求,我们需要找出一共有多少个排列的字典序小于给定的排列。

我们考虑如何计算字典序小于给定排列的排列个数,一共有两种情况:

  • 排列的第一个元素小于 $perm[0]$,一共有 $(perm[0] - 1) \times (n-1)!$ 种排列。
  • 排列的第一个元素等于 $perm[0]$,我们需要继续考虑第二个元素,以此类推。
  • 累加所有情况即可。

我们可以用树状数组维护遍历过的元素中,比当前元素小的元素个数,那么对于给定排列的第 $i$ 个元素,剩余的比它小的元素个数为 $perm[i] - 1 - tree.query(perm[i])$,排列种类数为 $(perm[i] - 1 - tree.query(perm[i])) \times (n-i-1)!$,累加到答案中。然后我们更新树状数组,将当前元素加入树状数组。继续遍历下一个元素,直到遍历完所有元素。

时间复杂度 $O(n \times \log n)$,空间复杂度 $O(n)$。其中 $n$ 为排列的长度。

 1
 2
 3
 4
 5
 6
 7
 8
 9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
class BinaryIndexedTree:
    __slots__ = "n", "c"

    def __init__(self, n: int):
        self.n = n
        self.c = [0] * (n + 1)

    def update(self, x: int, delta: int) -> None:
        while x <= self.n:
            self.c[x] += delta
            x += x & -x

    def query(self, x: int) -> int:
        s = 0
        while x:
            s += self.c[x]
            x -= x & -x
        return s


class Solution:
    def getPermutationIndex(self, perm: List[int]) -> int:
        mod = 10**9 + 7
        ans, n = 0, len(perm)
        tree = BinaryIndexedTree(n + 1)
        f = [1] * n
        for i in range(1, n):
            f[i] = f[i - 1] * i % mod
        for i, x in enumerate(perm):
            cnt = x - 1 - tree.query(x)
            ans += cnt * f[n - i - 1] % mod
            tree.update(x, 1)
        return ans % mod
 1
 2
 3
 4
 5
 6
 7
 8
 9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
class BinaryIndexedTree {
    private int n;
    private int[] c;

    public BinaryIndexedTree(int n) {
        this.n = n;
        this.c = new int[n + 1];
    }

    public void update(int x, int delta) {
        for (; x <= n; x += x & -x) {
            c[x] += delta;
        }
    }

    public int query(int x) {
        int s = 0;
        for (; x > 0; x -= x & -x) {
            s += c[x];
        }
        return s;
    }
}

class Solution {
    public int getPermutationIndex(int[] perm) {
        final int mod = (int) 1e9 + 7;
        long ans = 0;
        int n = perm.length;
        BinaryIndexedTree tree = new BinaryIndexedTree(n + 1);
        long[] f = new long[n];
        f[0] = 1;
        for (int i = 1; i < n; ++i) {
            f[i] = f[i - 1] * i % mod;
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
            int cnt = perm[i] - 1 - tree.query(perm[i]);
            ans = (ans + cnt * f[n - i - 1] % mod) % mod;
            tree.update(perm[i], 1);
        }
        return (int) ans;
    }
}
 1
 2
 3
 4
 5
 6
 7
 8
 9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
class BinaryIndexedTree {
private:
    int n;
    vector<int> c;

public:
    BinaryIndexedTree(int n)
        : n(n)
        , c(n + 1) {}

    void update(int x, int delta) {
        for (; x <= n; x += x & -x) {
            c[x] += delta;
        }
    }

    int query(int x) {
        int s = 0;
        for (; x > 0; x -= x & -x) {
            s += c[x];
        }
        return s;
    }
};

class Solution {
public:
    int getPermutationIndex(vector<int>& perm) {
        const int mod = 1e9 + 7;
        using ll = long long;
        ll ans = 0;
        int n = perm.size();
        BinaryIndexedTree tree(n + 1);
        ll f[n];
        f[0] = 1;
        for (int i = 1; i < n; ++i) {
            f[i] = f[i - 1] * i % mod;
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
            int cnt = perm[i] - 1 - tree.query(perm[i]);
            ans += cnt * f[n - i - 1] % mod;
            tree.update(perm[i], 1);
        }
        return ans % mod;
    }
};
 1
 2
 3
 4
 5
 6
 7
 8
 9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
type BinaryIndexedTree struct {
    n int
    c []int
}

func NewBinaryIndexedTree(n int) *BinaryIndexedTree {
    return &BinaryIndexedTree{n: n, c: make([]int, n+1)}
}

func (bit *BinaryIndexedTree) update(x, delta int) {
    for ; x <= bit.n; x += x & -x {
        bit.c[x] += delta
    }
}

func (bit *BinaryIndexedTree) query(x int) int {
    s := 0
    for ; x > 0; x -= x & -x {
        s += bit.c[x]
    }
    return s
}

func getPermutationIndex(perm []int) (ans int) {
    const mod int = 1e9 + 7
    n := len(perm)
    tree := NewBinaryIndexedTree(n + 1)
    f := make([]int, n)
    f[0] = 1
    for i := 1; i < n; i++ {
        f[i] = f[i-1] * i % mod
    }
    for i, x := range perm {
        cnt := x - 1 - tree.query(x)
        ans += cnt * f[n-1-i] % mod
        tree.update(x, 1)
    }
    return ans % mod
}
 1
 2
 3
 4
 5
 6
 7
 8
 9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
class BinaryIndexedTree {
    private n: number;
    private c: number[];

    constructor(n: number) {
        this.n = n;
        this.c = Array(n + 1).fill(0);
    }

    update(x: number, delta: number): void {
        for (; x <= this.n; x += x & -x) {
            this.c[x] += delta;
        }
    }

    query(x: number): number {
        let s = 0;
        for (; x > 0; x -= x & -x) {
            s += this.c[x];
        }
        return s;
    }
}

function getPermutationIndex(perm: number[]): number {
    const mod = 1e9 + 7;
    const n = perm.length;
    const tree = new BinaryIndexedTree(n + 1);
    let ans = 0;
    const f: number[] = Array(n).fill(1);
    for (let i = 1; i < n; ++i) {
        f[i] = (f[i - 1] * i) % mod;
    }
    for (let i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        const cnt = perm[i] - 1 - tree.query(perm[i]);
        ans = (ans + cnt * f[n - i - 1]) % mod;
        tree.update(perm[i], 1);
    }
    return ans % mod;
}

评论