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2115. 从给定原材料中找到所有可以做出的菜

题目描述

你有 n 道不同菜的信息。给你一个字符串数组 recipes 和一个二维字符串数组 ingredients 。第 i 道菜的名字为 recipes[i] ,如果你有它 所有 的原材料 ingredients[i] ,那么你可以 做出 这道菜。一道菜的原材料可能是 另一道 菜,也就是说 ingredients[i] 可能包含 recipes 中另一个字符串。

同时给你一个字符串数组 supplies ,它包含你初始时拥有的所有原材料,每一种原材料你都有无限多。

请你返回你可以做出的所有菜。你可以以 任意顺序 返回它们。

注意两道菜在它们的原材料中可能互相包含。

 

示例 1:

输入:recipes = ["bread"], ingredients = [["yeast","flour"]], supplies = ["yeast","flour","corn"]
输出:["bread"]
解释:
我们可以做出 "bread" ,因为我们有原材料 "yeast" 和 "flour" 。

示例 2:

输入:recipes = ["bread","sandwich"], ingredients = [["yeast","flour"],["bread","meat"]], supplies = ["yeast","flour","meat"]
输出:["bread","sandwich"]
解释:
我们可以做出 "bread" ,因为我们有原材料 "yeast" 和 "flour" 。
我们可以做出 "sandwich" ,因为我们有原材料 "meat" 且可以做出原材料 "bread" 。

示例 3:

输入:recipes = ["bread","sandwich","burger"], ingredients = [["yeast","flour"],["bread","meat"],["sandwich","meat","bread"]], supplies = ["yeast","flour","meat"]
输出:["bread","sandwich","burger"]
解释:
我们可以做出 "bread" ,因为我们有原材料 "yeast" 和 "flour" 。
我们可以做出 "sandwich" ,因为我们有原材料 "meat" 且可以做出原材料 "bread" 。
我们可以做出 "burger" ,因为我们有原材料 "meat" 且可以做出原材料 "bread" 和 "sandwich" 。

示例 4:

输入:recipes = ["bread"], ingredients = [["yeast","flour"]], supplies = ["yeast"]
输出:[]
解释:
我们没法做出任何菜,因为我们只有原材料 "yeast" 。

 

提示:

  • n == recipes.length == ingredients.length
  • 1 <= n <= 100
  • 1 <= ingredients[i].length, supplies.length <= 100
  • 1 <= recipes[i].length, ingredients[i][j].length, supplies[k].length <= 10
  • recipes[i], ingredients[i][j] 和 supplies[k] 只包含小写英文字母。
  • 所有 recipes 和 supplies 中的值互不相同。
  • ingredients[i] 中的字符串互不相同。

解法

方法一:拓扑排序

首先,我们可以将每道菜看成一个节点,每个节点的入度表示其所需的原材料数量。我们可以通过拓扑排序的方式,找到所有可以做出的菜。

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class Solution:
    def findAllRecipes(
        self, recipes: List[str], ingredients: List[List[str]], supplies: List[str]
    ) -> List[str]:
        g = defaultdict(list)
        indeg = defaultdict(int)
        for a, b in zip(recipes, ingredients):
            for v in b:
                g[v].append(a)
            indeg[a] += len(b)
        q = supplies
        ans = []
        for i in q:
            for j in g[i]:
                indeg[j] -= 1
                if indeg[j] == 0:
                    ans.append(j)
                    q.append(j)
        return ans
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class Solution {
    public List<String> findAllRecipes(
        String[] recipes, List<List<String>> ingredients, String[] supplies) {
        Map<String, List<String>> g = new HashMap<>();
        Map<String, Integer> indeg = new HashMap<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < recipes.length; ++i) {
            for (String v : ingredients.get(i)) {
                g.computeIfAbsent(v, k -> new ArrayList<>()).add(recipes[i]);
            }
            indeg.put(recipes[i], ingredients.get(i).size());
        }
        Deque<String> q = new ArrayDeque<>();
        for (String s : supplies) {
            q.offer(s);
        }
        List<String> ans = new ArrayList<>();
        while (!q.isEmpty()) {
            for (int n = q.size(); n > 0; --n) {
                String i = q.pollFirst();
                for (String j : g.getOrDefault(i, Collections.emptyList())) {
                    indeg.put(j, indeg.get(j) - 1);
                    if (indeg.get(j) == 0) {
                        ans.add(j);
                        q.offer(j);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        return ans;
    }
}
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class Solution {
public:
    vector<string> findAllRecipes(vector<string>& recipes, vector<vector<string>>& ingredients, vector<string>& supplies) {
        unordered_map<string, vector<string>> g;
        unordered_map<string, int> indeg;
        for (int i = 0; i < recipes.size(); ++i) {
            for (auto& v : ingredients[i]) {
                g[v].push_back(recipes[i]);
            }
            indeg[recipes[i]] = ingredients[i].size();
        }
        queue<string> q;
        for (auto& s : supplies) {
            q.push(s);
        }
        vector<string> ans;
        while (!q.empty()) {
            for (int n = q.size(); n; --n) {
                auto i = q.front();
                q.pop();
                for (auto j : g[i]) {
                    if (--indeg[j] == 0) {
                        ans.push_back(j);
                        q.push(j);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        return ans;
    }
};
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func findAllRecipes(recipes []string, ingredients [][]string, supplies []string) []string {
    g := map[string][]string{}
    indeg := map[string]int{}
    for i, a := range recipes {
        for _, b := range ingredients[i] {
            g[b] = append(g[b], a)
        }
        indeg[a] = len(ingredients[i])
    }
    q := []string{}
    for _, s := range supplies {
        q = append(q, s)
    }
    ans := []string{}
    for len(q) > 0 {
        for n := len(q); n > 0; n-- {
            i := q[0]
            q = q[1:]
            for _, j := range g[i] {
                indeg[j]--
                if indeg[j] == 0 {
                    ans = append(ans, j)
                    q = append(q, j)
                }
            }
        }
    }
    return ans
}

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