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1609. 奇偶树

题目描述

如果一棵二叉树满足下述几个条件,则可以称为 奇偶树

  • 二叉树根节点所在层下标为 0 ,根的子节点所在层下标为 1 ,根的孙节点所在层下标为 2 ,依此类推。
  • 偶数下标 层上的所有节点的值都是 整数,从左到右按顺序 严格递增
  • 奇数下标 层上的所有节点的值都是 整数,从左到右按顺序 严格递减

给你二叉树的根节点,如果二叉树为 奇偶树 ,则返回 true ,否则返回 false

 

示例 1:

输入:root = [1,10,4,3,null,7,9,12,8,6,null,null,2]
输出:true
解释:每一层的节点值分别是:
0 层:[1]
1 层:[10,4]
2 层:[3,7,9]
3 层:[12,8,6,2]
由于 0 层和 2 层上的节点值都是奇数且严格递增,而 1 层和 3 层上的节点值都是偶数且严格递减,因此这是一棵奇偶树。

示例 2:

输入:root = [5,4,2,3,3,7]
输出:false
解释:每一层的节点值分别是:
0 层:[5]
1 层:[4,2]
2 层:[3,3,7]
2 层上的节点值不满足严格递增的条件,所以这不是一棵奇偶树。

示例 3:

输入:root = [5,9,1,3,5,7]
输出:false
解释:1 层上的节点值应为偶数。

示例 4:

输入:root = [1]
输出:true

示例 5:

输入:root = [11,8,6,1,3,9,11,30,20,18,16,12,10,4,2,17]
输出:true

 

提示:

  • 树中节点数在范围 [1, 105]
  • 1 <= Node.val <= 106

解法

方法一:BFS

BFS 逐层遍历,每层按照奇偶性判断,每层的节点值都是偶数或奇数,且严格递增或递减。

时间复杂度 $O(n)$,空间复杂度 $O(n)$。其中 $n$ 是二叉树的节点数。

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# Definition for a binary tree node.
# class TreeNode:
#     def __init__(self, val=0, left=None, right=None):
#         self.val = val
#         self.left = left
#         self.right = right
class Solution:
    def isEvenOddTree(self, root: Optional[TreeNode]) -> bool:
        even = 1
        q = deque([root])
        while q:
            prev = 0 if even else inf
            for _ in range(len(q)):
                root = q.popleft()
                if even and (root.val % 2 == 0 or prev >= root.val):
                    return False
                if not even and (root.val % 2 == 1 or prev <= root.val):
                    return False
                prev = root.val
                if root.left:
                    q.append(root.left)
                if root.right:
                    q.append(root.right)
            even ^= 1
        return True
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/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * public class TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode left;
 *     TreeNode right;
 *     TreeNode() {}
 *     TreeNode(int val) { this.val = val; }
 *     TreeNode(int val, TreeNode left, TreeNode right) {
 *         this.val = val;
 *         this.left = left;
 *         this.right = right;
 *     }
 * }
 */
class Solution {
    public boolean isEvenOddTree(TreeNode root) {
        boolean even = true;
        Deque<TreeNode> q = new ArrayDeque<>();
        q.offer(root);
        while (!q.isEmpty()) {
            int prev = even ? 0 : 1000001;
            for (int n = q.size(); n > 0; --n) {
                root = q.pollFirst();
                if (even && (root.val % 2 == 0 || prev >= root.val)) {
                    return false;
                }
                if (!even && (root.val % 2 == 1 || prev <= root.val)) {
                    return false;
                }
                prev = root.val;
                if (root.left != null) {
                    q.offer(root.left);
                }
                if (root.right != null) {
                    q.offer(root.right);
                }
            }
            even = !even;
        }
        return true;
    }
}
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/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * struct TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode *left;
 *     TreeNode *right;
 *     TreeNode() : val(0), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
 *     TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
 *     TreeNode(int x, TreeNode *left, TreeNode *right) : val(x), left(left), right(right) {}
 * };
 */
class Solution {
public:
    bool isEvenOddTree(TreeNode* root) {
        int even = 1;
        queue<TreeNode*> q{{root}};
        while (!q.empty()) {
            int prev = even ? 0 : 1e7;
            for (int n = q.size(); n; --n) {
                root = q.front();
                q.pop();
                if (even && (root->val % 2 == 0 || prev >= root->val)) {
                    return false;
                }
                if (!even && (root->val % 2 == 1 || prev <= root->val)) {
                    return false;
                }
                prev = root->val;
                if (root->left) {
                    q.push(root->left);
                }
                if (root->right) {
                    q.push(root->right);
                }
            }
            even ^= 1;
        }
        return true;
    }
};
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/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * type TreeNode struct {
 *     Val int
 *     Left *TreeNode
 *     Right *TreeNode
 * }
 */
func isEvenOddTree(root *TreeNode) bool {
    even := true
    q := []*TreeNode{root}
    for len(q) > 0 {
        var prev int = 1e7
        if even {
            prev = 0
        }
        for n := len(q); n > 0; n-- {
            root = q[0]
            q = q[1:]
            if even && (root.Val%2 == 0 || prev >= root.Val) {
                return false
            }
            if !even && (root.Val%2 == 1 || prev <= root.Val) {
                return false
            }
            prev = root.Val
            if root.Left != nil {
                q = append(q, root.Left)
            }
            if root.Right != nil {
                q = append(q, root.Right)
            }
        }
        even = !even
    }
    return true
}

方法二:DFS

DFS 先序遍历二叉树,同样根据节点所在层的奇偶性判断是否满足条件,遍历过程中用哈希表记录每一层最近访问到的节点值。

时间复杂度 $O(n)$,空间复杂度 $O(n)$。其中 $n$ 是二叉树的节点数。

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# Definition for a binary tree node.
# class TreeNode:
#     def __init__(self, val=0, left=None, right=None):
#         self.val = val
#         self.left = left
#         self.right = right
class Solution:
    def isEvenOddTree(self, root: Optional[TreeNode]) -> bool:
        def dfs(root, i):
            if root is None:
                return True
            even = i % 2 == 0
            prev = d.get(i, 0 if even else inf)
            if even and (root.val % 2 == 0 or prev >= root.val):
                return False
            if not even and (root.val % 2 == 1 or prev <= root.val):
                return False
            d[i] = root.val
            return dfs(root.left, i + 1) and dfs(root.right, i + 1)

        d = {}
        return dfs(root, 0)
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/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * public class TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode left;
 *     TreeNode right;
 *     TreeNode() {}
 *     TreeNode(int val) { this.val = val; }
 *     TreeNode(int val, TreeNode left, TreeNode right) {
 *         this.val = val;
 *         this.left = left;
 *         this.right = right;
 *     }
 * }
 */
class Solution {
    private Map<Integer, Integer> d = new HashMap<>();

    public boolean isEvenOddTree(TreeNode root) {
        return dfs(root, 0);
    }

    private boolean dfs(TreeNode root, int i) {
        if (root == null) {
            return true;
        }
        boolean even = i % 2 == 0;
        int prev = d.getOrDefault(i, even ? 0 : 1000001);
        if (even && (root.val % 2 == 0 || prev >= root.val)) {
            return false;
        }
        if (!even && (root.val % 2 == 1 || prev <= root.val)) {
            return false;
        }
        d.put(i, root.val);
        return dfs(root.left, i + 1) && dfs(root.right, i + 1);
    }
}
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/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * struct TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode *left;
 *     TreeNode *right;
 *     TreeNode() : val(0), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
 *     TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
 *     TreeNode(int x, TreeNode *left, TreeNode *right) : val(x), left(left), right(right) {}
 * };
 */
class Solution {
public:
    unordered_map<int, int> d;

    bool isEvenOddTree(TreeNode* root) {
        return dfs(root, 0);
    }

    bool dfs(TreeNode* root, int i) {
        if (!root) {
            return true;
        }
        int even = i % 2 == 0;
        int prev = d.count(i) ? d[i] : (even ? 0 : 1e7);
        if (even && (root->val % 2 == 0 || prev >= root->val)) {
            return false;
        }
        if (!even && (root->val % 2 == 1 || prev <= root->val)) {
            return false;
        }
        d[i] = root->val;
        return dfs(root->left, i + 1) && dfs(root->right, i + 1);
    }
};
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/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * type TreeNode struct {
 *     Val int
 *     Left *TreeNode
 *     Right *TreeNode
 * }
 */
func isEvenOddTree(root *TreeNode) bool {
    d := map[int]int{}
    var dfs func(*TreeNode, int) bool
    dfs = func(root *TreeNode, i int) bool {
        if root == nil {
            return true
        }
        even := i%2 == 0
        prev, ok := d[i]
        if !ok {
            if even {
                prev = 0
            } else {
                prev = 10000000
            }
        }
        if even && (root.Val%2 == 0 || prev >= root.Val) {
            return false
        }
        if !even && (root.Val%2 == 1 || prev <= root.Val) {
            return false
        }
        d[i] = root.Val
        return dfs(root.Left, i+1) && dfs(root.Right, i+1)
    }
    return dfs(root, 0)
}

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