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1538. 找出隐藏数组中出现次数最多的元素 🔒

题目描述

给定一个整数数组 nums,且 nums 中的所有整数都为 01。你不能直接访问这个数组,你需要使用 API ArrayReader ,该 API 含有下列成员函数:

  • int query(int a, int b, int c, int d):其中 0 <= a < b < c < d < ArrayReader.length() 。此函数查询以这四个参数为下标的元素并返回:
    • 4 : 当这四个元素相同(0 或 1)时。
    • 2 : 当其中三个元素的值等于 0 且一个元素等于 1 时,或当其中三个元素的值等于 1 且一个元素等于 0 时。
    • : 当其中两个元素等于 0 且两个元素等于 1 时。
  • int length():返回数组的长度。

你可以调用 query() 最多 2 * n 次,其中 n 等于 ArrayReader.length()

返回 nums 中出现次数最多的值的任意索引,若所有的值出现次数均相同,返回 -1。

 

示例 1:

输入: nums = [0,0,1,0,1,1,1,1]
输出: 5
解释: API 的调用情况如下:
reader.length() // 返回 8,因为隐藏数组中有 8 个元素。
reader.query(0,1,2,3) // 返回 2,查询元素 nums[0], nums[1], nums[2], nums[3] 间的比较。
// 三个元素等于 0 且一个元素等于 1 或出现相反情况。
reader.query(4,5,6,7) // 返回 4,因为 nums[4], nums[5], nums[6], nums[7] 有相同值。
我们可以推断,最常出现的值在最后 4 个元素中。
索引 2, 4, 6, 7 也是正确答案。

示例 2:

输入: nums = [0,0,1,1,0]
输出: 0

示例 3:

输入: nums = [1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0]
输出: -1

 

提示:

  • 5 <= nums.length <= 105
  • 0 <= nums[i] <= 1

 

进阶:要找到出现次数最多的元素,需要至少调用 query() 多少次?

解法

方法一:脑筋急转弯

我们先调用 reader.query(0, 1, 2, 3),将得到的结果记为 $x$。

接下来,我们从下标 $4$ 开始遍历,每次调用 reader.query(0, 1, 2, i),如果结果与 $x$ 相同,我们就将 $a$ 的值加一,否则将 $b$ 的值加一,同时将 $k$ 的值更新为 $i$。

然后,我们还需要判断下标 $0, 1, 2$ 与下标 $3$ 的元素是否相同,如果相同,我们将 $a$ 的值加一,否则将 $b$ 的值加一,同时将 $k$ 的值更新为对应的下标。

最后,如果 $a=b$,说明数组中 $0$ 和 $1$ 的个数相同,我们返回 $-1$;否则,如果 $a \gt b$,返回 $3$,否则返回 $k$。

时间复杂度 $O(n)$,其中 $n$ 是数组的长度。空间复杂度 $O(1)$。

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# """
# This is the ArrayReader's API interface.
# You should not implement it, or speculate about its implementation
# """
# class ArrayReader(object):
#    # Compares 4 different elements in the array
#    # return 4 if the values of the 4 elements are the same (0 or 1).
#    # return 2 if three elements have a value equal to 0 and one element has value equal to 1 or vice versa.
#    # return 0 : if two element have a value equal to 0 and two elements have a value equal to 1.
#    def query(self, a: int, b: int, c: int, d: int) -> int:
#
#    # Returns the length of the array
#    def length(self) -> int:
#


class Solution:
    def guessMajority(self, reader: "ArrayReader") -> int:
        n = reader.length()
        x = reader.query(0, 1, 2, 3)
        a, b = 1, 0
        k = 0
        for i in range(4, n):
            if reader.query(0, 1, 2, i) == x:
                a += 1
            else:
                b += 1
                k = i

        y = reader.query(0, 1, 2, 4)
        if reader.query(1, 2, 3, 4) == y:
            a += 1
        else:
            b += 1
            k = 0
        if reader.query(0, 2, 3, 4) == y:
            a += 1
        else:
            b += 1
            k = 1
        if reader.query(0, 1, 3, 4) == y:
            a += 1
        else:
            b += 1
            k = 2

        if a == b:
            return -1
        return 3 if a > b else k
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/**
 * // This is the ArrayReader's API interface.
 * // You should not implement it, or speculate about its implementation
 * interface ArrayReader {
 *   public:
 *     // Compares 4 different elements in the array
 *     // return 4 if the values of the 4 elements are the same (0 or 1).
 *     // return 2 if three elements have a value equal to 0 and one element has value equal to 1 or
 * vice versa.
 *     // return 0 : if two element have a value equal to 0 and two elements have a value equal
 * to 1. public int query(int a, int b, int c, int d);
 *
 *     // Returns the length of the array
 *     public int length();
 * };
 */

class Solution {
    public int guessMajority(ArrayReader reader) {
        int n = reader.length();
        int x = reader.query(0, 1, 2, 3);
        int a = 1, b = 0;
        int k = 0;
        for (int i = 4; i < n; ++i) {
            if (reader.query(0, 1, 2, i) == x) {
                ++a;
            } else {
                ++b;
                k = i;
            }
        }

        int y = reader.query(0, 1, 2, 4);
        if (reader.query(1, 2, 3, 4) == y) {
            ++a;
        } else {
            ++b;
            k = 0;
        }
        if (reader.query(0, 2, 3, 4) == y) {
            ++a;
        } else {
            ++b;
            k = 1;
        }
        if (reader.query(0, 1, 3, 4) == y) {
            ++a;
        } else {
            ++b;
            k = 2;
        }
        if (a == b) {
            return -1;
        }
        return a > b ? 3 : k;
    }
}
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/**
 * // This is the ArrayReader's API interface.
 * // You should not implement it, or speculate about its implementation
 * class ArrayReader {
 *   public:
 *     // Compares 4 different elements in the array
 *     // return 4 if the values of the 4 elements are the same (0 or 1).
 *     // return 2 if three elements have a value equal to 0 and one element has value equal to 1 or vice versa.
 *     // return 0 : if two element have a value equal to 0 and two elements have a value equal to 1.
 *     int query(int a, int b, int c, int d);
 *
 *     // Returns the length of the array
 *     int length();
 * };
 */

class Solution {
public:
    int guessMajority(ArrayReader& reader) {
        int n = reader.length();
        int x = reader.query(0, 1, 2, 3);
        int a = 1, b = 0;
        int k = 0;
        for (int i = 4; i < n; ++i) {
            if (reader.query(0, 1, 2, i) == x) {
                ++a;
            } else {
                ++b;
                k = i;
            }
        }

        int y = reader.query(0, 1, 2, 4);
        if (reader.query(1, 2, 3, 4) == y) {
            ++a;
        } else {
            ++b;
            k = 0;
        }
        if (reader.query(0, 2, 3, 4) == y) {
            ++a;
        } else {
            ++b;
            k = 1;
        }
        if (reader.query(0, 1, 3, 4) == y) {
            ++a;
        } else {
            ++b;
            k = 2;
        }
        if (a == b) {
            return -1;
        }
        return a > b ? 3 : k;
    }
};
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/**
 * // This is the ArrayReader's API interface.
 * // You should not implement it, or speculate about its implementation
 * type ArrayReader struct {
 * }
 * // Compares 4 different elements in the array
 * // return 4 if the values of the 4 elements are the same (0 or 1).
 * // return 2 if three elements have a value equal to 0 and one element has value equal to 1 or vice versa.
 * // return 0 : if two element have a value equal to 0 and two elements have a value equal to 1.
 * func (this *ArrayReader) query(a, b, c, d int) int {}
 *
 * // Returns the length of the array
 * func (this *ArrayReader) length() int {}
 */

func guessMajority(reader *ArrayReader) int {
    n := reader.length()
    x := reader.query(0, 1, 2, 3)
    a, b := 1, 0
    k := 0
    for i := 4; i < n; i++ {
        if reader.query(0, 1, 2, i) == x {
            a++
        } else {
            b++
            k = i
        }
    }

    y := reader.query(0, 1, 2, 4)
    if reader.query(1, 2, 3, 4) == y {
        a++
    } else {
        b++
        k = 0
    }
    if reader.query(0, 2, 3, 4) == y {
        a++
    } else {
        b++
        k = 1
    }
    if reader.query(0, 1, 3, 4) == y {
        a++
    } else {
        b++
        k = 2
    }
    if a == b {
        return -1
    }
    if a > b {
        return 3
    }
    return k
}
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/**
 * // This is the ArrayReader's API interface.
 * // You should not implement it, or speculate about its implementation
 * class ArrayReader {
 *     // Compares 4 different elements in the array
 *     // return 4 if the values of the 4 elements are the same (0 or 1).
 *     // return 2 if three elements have a value equal to 0 and one element has value equal to 1 or vice versa.
 *     // return 0 : if two element have a value equal to 0 and two elements have a value equal to 1.
 *     query(a: number, b: number, c: number, d: number): number { };
 *
 *     // Returns the length of the array
 *     length(): number { };
 * };
 */

function guessMajority(reader: ArrayReader): number {
    const n = reader.length();
    const x = reader.query(0, 1, 2, 3);
    let a = 1;
    let b = 0;
    let k = 0;
    for (let i = 4; i < n; ++i) {
        if (reader.query(0, 1, 2, i) === x) {
            ++a;
        } else {
            ++b;
            k = i;
        }
    }
    const y = reader.query(0, 1, 2, 4);
    if (reader.query(1, 2, 3, 4) === y) {
        ++a;
    } else {
        ++b;
        k = 0;
    }
    if (reader.query(0, 2, 3, 4) === y) {
        ++a;
    } else {
        ++b;
        k = 1;
    }
    if (reader.query(0, 1, 3, 4) === y) {
        ++a;
    } else {
        ++b;
        k = 2;
    }
    if (a === b) {
        return -1;
    }
    return a > b ? 3 : k;
}

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