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3187. Peaks in Array

Description

A peak in an array arr is an element that is greater than its previous and next element in arr.

You are given an integer array nums and a 2D integer array queries.

You have to process queries of two types:

  • queries[i] = [1, li, ri], determine the count of peak elements in the subarray nums[li..ri].
  • queries[i] = [2, indexi, vali], change nums[indexi] to vali.

Return an array answer containing the results of the queries of the first type in order.

Notes:

  • The first and the last element of an array or a subarray cannot be a peak.

 

Example 1:

Input: nums = [3,1,4,2,5], queries = [[2,3,4],[1,0,4]]

Output: [0]

Explanation:

First query: We change nums[3] to 4 and nums becomes [3,1,4,4,5].

Second query: The number of peaks in the [3,1,4,4,5] is 0.

Example 2:

Input: nums = [4,1,4,2,1,5], queries = [[2,2,4],[1,0,2],[1,0,4]]

Output: [0,1]

Explanation:

First query: nums[2] should become 4, but it is already set to 4.

Second query: The number of peaks in the [4,1,4] is 0.

Third query: The second 4 is a peak in the [4,1,4,2,1].

 

Constraints:

  • 3 <= nums.length <= 105
  • 1 <= nums[i] <= 105
  • 1 <= queries.length <= 105
  • queries[i][0] == 1 or queries[i][0] == 2
  • For all i that:
    • queries[i][0] == 1: 0 <= queries[i][1] <= queries[i][2] <= nums.length - 1
    • queries[i][0] == 2: 0 <= queries[i][1] <= nums.length - 1, 1 <= queries[i][2] <= 105

Solutions

Solution 1: Binary Indexed Tree

According to the problem description, for $0 < i < n - 1$, if it satisfies $nums[i - 1] < nums[i]$ and $nums[i] > nums[i + 1]$, we can consider $nums[i]$ as $1$, otherwise as $0$. Thus, for operation $1$, i.e., querying the number of peak elements in the subarray $nums[l..r]$, it is equivalent to querying the number of $1$s in the interval $[l + 1, r - 1]$. We can use a binary indexed tree to maintain the number of $1$s in the interval $[1, n - 1]$.

For operation $1$, i.e., updating $nums[idx]$ to $val$, it will only affect the values at positions $idx - 1$, $idx$, and $idx + 1$, so we only need to update these three positions. Specifically, we can first remove the peak elements at these three positions, then update the value of $nums[idx]$, and finally add back the peak elements at these three positions.

The time complexity is $O((n + q) \times \log n)$, and the space complexity is $O(n)$. Here, $n$ and $q$ are the lengths of the array nums and the query array queries, respectively.

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class BinaryIndexedTree:
    __slots__ = "n", "c"

    def __init__(self, n: int):
        self.n = n
        self.c = [0] * (n + 1)

    def update(self, x: int, delta: int) -> None:
        while x <= self.n:
            self.c[x] += delta
            x += x & -x

    def query(self, x: int) -> int:
        s = 0
        while x:
            s += self.c[x]
            x -= x & -x
        return s


class Solution:
    def countOfPeaks(self, nums: List[int], queries: List[List[int]]) -> List[int]:
        def update(i: int, val: int):
            if i <= 0 or i >= n - 1:
                return
            if nums[i - 1] < nums[i] and nums[i] > nums[i + 1]:
                tree.update(i, val)

        n = len(nums)
        tree = BinaryIndexedTree(n - 1)
        for i in range(1, n - 1):
            update(i, 1)
        ans = []
        for q in queries:
            if q[0] == 1:
                l, r = q[1] + 1, q[2] - 1
                ans.append(0 if l > r else tree.query(r) - tree.query(l - 1))
            else:
                idx, val = q[1:]
                for i in range(idx - 1, idx + 2):
                    update(i, -1)
                nums[idx] = val
                for i in range(idx - 1, idx + 2):
                    update(i, 1)
        return ans

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class BinaryIndexedTree {
    private int n;
    private int[] c;

    public BinaryIndexedTree(int n) {
        this.n = n;
        this.c = new int[n + 1];
    }

    public void update(int x, int delta) {
        for (; x <= n; x += x & -x) {
            c[x] += delta;
        }
    }

    public int query(int x) {
        int s = 0;
        for (; x > 0; x -= x & -x) {
            s += c[x];
        }
        return s;
    }
}

class Solution {
    private BinaryIndexedTree tree;
    private int[] nums;

    public